July 17, 2026 · Lancet (London, England) · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(26)00754-3

Empirical treatment with valganciclovir in infants living with HIV and hospitalised with severe pneumonia in Africa: a multicentre, open-label, factorial, randomised, controlled, superiority trial

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This study aimed to determine whether empirical treatment with valganciclovir improves survival in infants with severe HIV-associated pneumonia in Africa. The trial found that while there was no significant difference in mortality rates at 15 days or 12 months between those receiving valganciclovir and those who did not, the treatment was associated with a lower hazard of death over time, suggesting a potential benefit without increased adverse effects.

Cinta Moraleda, Alfredo Tagarro, Sara Domínguez-Rodríguez, Victor Musiime, Hilda Mujuru, Chishala Chabala, Tisungane Mvalo, Pui-Ying Iroh-Tam, Justina Bramugy, Lola Madrid, Jahit Sacarlal, Alfeu Passanduca, Muhammad Sidat, Uneisse Cassia, Hellen Tukamuhebwa Aanyu, Abner Tagoola, Constantine Mutata, Bwendo Nduna, Chimwemwe Chawinga, Lughano Ghambi, Matthew Bates, Sheila Fernández-Luis, Amir Seni, Merunissa Gafur, Damalie Nalwanga, Denis Nansera, Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Natasha Namuziya, Franklyn Nkongho Egbe, John Tembo, Álvaro Ballesteros, Raoul Moh, Lilit Manukyan, David Lora, Olivier Marcy, Tom G Jacobs, David Burger, Quique Bassat, Valeriane Leroy, Alessandra Nardone, W Chris Buck, Pablo Rojo, Empirical Clinical Trial Group

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