Vaginal Estrogen Application Techniques for Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection: A Randomized Trial
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The authors aimed to determine if periurethral estrogen application is as effective as intravaginal estrogen application for preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in postmenopausal individuals with recurrent UTIs. The study found that both methods resulted in similar proportions of participants being UTI-free after six months, with periurethral application being noninferior to the intravaginal method. Additionally, while both methods decreased vaginal pH, intravaginal application was associated with a higher incidence of vaginal itching.
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