Determinants of Difficult-to-Manage and Treatment-Refractory Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis within a Longitudinal Cohort
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The authors aimed to estimate the prevalence of difficult-to-manage (D2M) and treatment-refractory (TR) axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and identify associated factors within a longitudinal cohort. They found that 9.1% of patients met the D2M criteria, with higher disease activity and comorbidities linked to this status, while 2.2% were classified as TR, characterized by greater disease burden and specific demographic features. These results underscore the importance of recognizing D2M in clinical practice to inform tailored management strategies.
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