April 17, 2026 · Journal of addiction medicine · DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001700

Mixed Presentation of Heroin-Associated Spongiform Leukoencephalopathy and CHANTER Syndrome After Fentanyl Use: A Case Report

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This case report investigates the concurrent presentation of heroin-associated spongiform leukoencephalopathy (HSLE) and CHANTER syndrome in a patient following fentanyl use. The authors aim to highlight the potential for these two distinct neurological syndromes to coexist and suggest that fentanyl may contribute to neuroimaging findings and clinical symptoms characteristic of both conditions. The case underscores the complexities of opioid-related neurotoxicity and its implications for clinical diagnosis and management.

Nolan Marshall, Alëna A Balasanova

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