Men's health: an intersectional and multilevel framework for understanding syndemic patterns of health.

This paper, the first in a Lancet Series on men's health, asks how men's health outcomes can be understood when examined through an intersectional gender lens rather than focusing mainly on individual behaviours and deficits. The authors propose a conceptual framework that combines structural, social, and commercial determinants of health, intersectionality, and syndemic theory to analyse men's health across multiple socioecological levels, illustrated with four case studies of marginalised men. They conclude that promoting gender justice and health equity requires addressing broader power systems and structural determinants rather than framing men as problematic individuals.