Neuromodulation for Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Mechanisms, Modalities, and Patient Selection

The authors aim to evaluate the role of neuromodulation in treating lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) and to identify optimal patient selection criteria. Through a narrative review of existing literature and guidelines, they highlight the effectiveness and safety of various neuromodulation techniques, particularly sacral and tibial nerve stimulation, while emphasizing the need for improved patient stratification and standardized outcomes in future studies.