July 9, 2026 · Gut · DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2025-337557

Outcome scoring systems for locoregional therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review

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The authors aimed to systematically review the methodological quality and performance of clinical risk scores predicting outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing locoregional therapy (LRT). They found 179 scoring systems across 130 studies, with AUROC values indicating varying predictive performance; however, most models exhibited a high risk of bias, highlighting the need for further development and validation of these scoring systems.

Cyrus Daruwalla, Evelyn Calderon, Christo Mathew, Lauren Mignogna, Ajit Vyas, David Sada, Rayhan Hai, Benjamin Hines, Muzammil Hanif, Ewout W Steyerberg, Hashem B El-Serag, Ruben Hernaez

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