June 1, 2026 · Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · DOI: 10.1002/art.70235

Autoreactivity vs autoimmunity: characteristics of autoantigen-specific CD4 T-cells in rheumatoid arthritis and health

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The authors investigate the characteristics of CD4 T cells specific for citrullinated peptides in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to healthy individuals, aiming to understand the differences in autoreactivity and potential biomarkers for disease progression. They find that while autoreactive T cell frequency is similar across groups, healthy individuals exhibit more naïve T cells, whereas RA patients show features indicative of in vivo activation and cytotoxic potential. These findings suggest a maturation of autoreactivity in RA, which could inform monitoring and treatment strategies.

James A Stanway, Daniel Peters, Helen Waller, Jeremy Lakey, Henrique De Paula Lemos, Kristian Williams, Abbie Degnan, Julie Diboll, Abdul Mannan Baru, David Tough, Arthur G Pratt, Catharien M U Hilkens, Amy E Anderson, John D Isaacs

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