JAMA internal medicine
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Transesophageal Echocardiography During CPR in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: The EXECT-CPR Randomized Clinical Trial

Mar 23, 2026

The authors aimed to determine whether transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) could improve outcomes in patients with nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared to conventional CPR techniques. The study found no significant differences in the primary outcome of sustained return of spontaneous circulation or other secondary outcomes between the TEE-guided and conventional CPR groups, although the TEE group showed higher intra-CPR end-tidal carbon dioxide levels. These findings suggest that while TEE-guided CPR did not enhance clinical outcomes, it may offer hemodynamic benefits without increasing adverse events.

Health Benefits, Costs, and Cost-Effectiveness of Jail-Based Hepatitis C Elimination Strategies

Mar 23, 2026

The authors aimed to evaluate the health benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of jail-based interventions for hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination among people who inject drugs. Their analysis found that a combined strategy of testing, treatment, and navigation services significantly reduced HCV infections and related deaths, achieving an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $11,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, which is well below typical cost-effectiveness thresholds. The study concludes that implementing these interventions in jails is a viable and cost-effective public health strategy.

Holding vs Continuing GLP-1/GIP Agonists Before Upper Endoscopy: The OCULUS Randomized Clinical Trial

Mar 16, 2026

The authors aimed to determine whether holding or continuing GLP-1 and GIP agonists before elective upper endoscopy affects the risk of clinically significant residual gastric volume (RGV). The study found that continuing these medications significantly increased the risk of clinically significant RGV compared to holding one dose, leading to the conclusion that holding the medication may be advisable prior to such procedures. Additionally, the use of clear liquids the day before the procedure appeared to mitigate this risk.

Extended-Release vs Sublingual Buprenorphine in Pregnancy Through 12 Months Post Partum: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Mar 16, 2026

This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of extended-release buprenorphine compared to sublingual buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder in pregnant individuals through 12 months postpartum. The results indicated that extended-release buprenorphine was associated with higher illicit opioid abstinence rates during pregnancy and fewer serious adverse events, while postpartum abstinence rates were similar between the two groups. Overall, the findings support the use of weekly extended-release buprenorphine as a viable treatment option for opioid use disorder in pregnancy.

Wait Time Modifications for Black Transplant Candidates Affected by Race-Based Kidney Function Estimation

Mar 9, 2026

The authors aimed to evaluate the impact of the 2023 OPTN wait time modification policy on kidney transplant rates among Black candidates in the U.S., who were previously disadvantaged by race-based kidney function estimations. The study found that the policy implementation was associated with an increase in transplant rates for Black candidates, particularly among those on dialysis, suggesting that addressing race-based disparities in medical practices can improve equity in kidney transplantation.

Cannabis and Mental Health: A Review

Mar 9, 2026

The authors review the relationship between cannabis use and mental health, aiming to clarify the benefits and risks associated with cannabis for individuals with mental health conditions. They find that while cannabis is commonly used to manage symptoms, there is low-certainty evidence supporting its efficacy, particularly for conditions like PTSD, anxiety, and depression, and significant risks of adverse effects, especially for vulnerable populations. The study emphasizes the need for clinicians to discuss these risks with patients, as cannabis use can exacerbate mental health issues and lead to cannabis use disorder.

Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence After the Inflation Reduction Act

Mar 9, 2026

The authors aimed to evaluate the impact of the Inflation Reduction Act's 2024 prescription drug provisions on cost-related medication nonadherence and healthcare-related financial strain among Medicare beneficiaries. Their analysis revealed a significant reduction in medication nonadherence among these beneficiaries following the reforms, particularly among those with multiple chronic conditions, while no meaningful changes were observed in financial strain. These findings suggest that the IRA's provisions may enhance chronic disease management and improve clinical outcomes for Medicare recipients.