Impact of Botulinum Toxin on Ocular Surface Parameters in Patients with Orbicularis Spasm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the effects of botulinum toxin (BTX) on ocular surface parameters in patients with orbicularis spasm, specifically assessing outcomes related to tear film stability and ocular symptoms. The findings indicate that BTX significantly improves ocular surface disease index scores and tear break-up time, while having neutral effects on Schirmer tests and reducing astigmatism. The authors suggest that these improvements may be linked to reduced involuntary eyelid contractions rather than direct biological effects of BTX on ocular surface physiology, highlighting the need for further research to explore these mechanisms.
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