September 14, 2026 · Annals of internal medicine · DOI: 10.7326/ANNALS-26-02326

Evaluation and Management of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: Synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2026 Clinical Practice Guideline

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The authors aim to update the clinical practice guidelines for the evaluation and management of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) as per the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) initiative. The 2026 guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations on diagnosing anemia, utilizing iron therapy, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and other treatment modalities, emphasizing individualized patient care and specific thresholds for treatment. Key recommendations include prioritizing intravenous iron for hemodialysis patients and establishing tailored hemoglobin targets for initiating and maintaining therapy.

S Susan Hedayati, Jodie L Babitt, Jeffrey S Berns, Biykem Bozkurt, Rebecca S Cheung, Yarieli Cuevas, Emmanuel E Effa, Michele F Eisenga, Steven Fishbane, Yelena Z Ginzburg, Volker H Haase, Siah Kim, Jose A Moura-Neto, Patrick Rossignol, Manisha Sahay, Tetsuhiro Tanaka, Angela Yee-Moon Wang, David C Wheeler, Karen A Robinson, Lisa M Wilson, Renée F Wilson, Jennifer M King, Amy Earley, Elie A Akl, Marcello Tonelli, Evi V Nagler

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