September 2, 2026 · International urogynecology journal · DOI: 10.1007/s00192-026-06872-5

Obstetric Factors Associated with Pelvic Floor Disorders and Surgery 30 Years After Childbirth: A Prospective Cohort Study

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This study investigates the long-term effects of different delivery methods on pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) and the associated risk of surgery 30 years after childbirth. The findings reveal that cesarean delivery is linked to lower PFD symptoms and no surgical interventions, while forceps delivery significantly increases the risk of surgery, likely due to pelvic floor muscle injuries. Overall, symptoms of PFDs worsened over time across all delivery methods.

Ingrid Volløyhaug, Martina Belluardo, Rune Svenningsen, Kjell Åsmund Salvesen, Erling Belaska, Maria Øyasæter Nyhus

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