Sperm DNA fragmentation: how to test, when to test, and what to do with abnormal results-a pragmatic mini-review for clinical practice
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This mini-review addresses the clinical implications of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), focusing on how, when, and whom to test for SDF in order to improve reproductive outcomes. The authors summarize the mechanisms behind SDF, review contemporary testing methods, and propose management strategies, while emphasizing the need for further research, particularly randomized controlled trials, to better understand the impact of SDF on fertility and offspring health. Ultimately, the review advocates for integrating SDF testing into preconception care and quality-managed programs to enhance reproductive and intergenerational health.
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