Human Reproduction
Audio Summaries

The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2025†

May 8, 2026

The authors aimed to identify necessary updates to the International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care to ensure it reflects contemporary scientific knowledge, social needs, and inclusive definitions. The resulting 4th edition includes 348 consensus-based terms, with 79 new definitions and numerous revisions that address advancements in reproductive science and technology, as well as evolving social contexts. This glossary serves as a global reference to standardize terminology across clinical, research, policy, and public domains, enhancing communication and understanding in the field of reproductive health.

The impact of endometrial preparation on pregnancy loss in vitrified-warmed euploid blastocyst transfer cycles: a randomized controlled trial

May 4, 2026

This randomized controlled trial investigates whether artificial cycle (AC) endometrial preparation increases early pregnancy loss rates in patients undergoing vitrified-warmed euploid blastocyst transfers. The study found that AC preparation was associated with significantly higher early pregnancy loss compared to natural cycles, suggesting that AC may not be the optimal method for endometrial preparation in these cases. The trial was prematurely terminated due to safety concerns, but the results highlight the need for careful consideration of endometrial preparation strategies in fertility treatments.

Single-cell proteomics reveals cytoplasmic defects in Patl2-deficient oocytes rescued by spindle transfer

Apr 30, 2026

The authors investigate whether single-cell proteomics can identify proteins linked to the reduced developmental competence of Patl2-deficient mouse oocytes and explore potential therapeutic interventions for Patl2-related infertility. They find that Patl2-/- oocytes exhibit abnormal protein profiles, which can be rescued by spindle transfer, leading to improved activation and blastocyst rates. This study suggests that spindle transfer may be a viable treatment for infertility associated with PATL2 mutations, addressing cytoplasmic defects identified through proteomic analysis.

Sperm DNA fragmentation: how to test, when to test, and what to do with abnormal results-a pragmatic mini-review for clinical practice

Apr 28, 2026

This mini-review addresses the clinical implications of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), focusing on how, when, and whom to test for SDF in order to improve reproductive outcomes. The authors summarize the mechanisms behind SDF, review contemporary testing methods, and propose management strategies, while emphasizing the need for further research, particularly randomized controlled trials, to better understand the impact of SDF on fertility and offspring health. Ultimately, the review advocates for integrating SDF testing into preconception care and quality-managed programs to enhance reproductive and intergenerational health.

A de novo C-terminal truncation mutation in NUP205 as a key factor in premature ovarian insufficiency

Apr 28, 2026

The authors investigate whether a novel de novo truncation mutation in nucleoporin 205 (NUP205) contributes to the pathogenesis of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). They find that NUP205 is crucial for ovarian development, with mutations leading to structural defects in the nuclear pore complex and impaired fertility in both human cell lines and a zebrafish model. This study highlights NUP205 as a significant genetic factor in POI, expanding the understanding of nucleoporin-related reproductive disorders.

Once, twice, three times frozen: viability and post-transfer outcomes of fresh and vitrified-warmed mouse embryos

Apr 26, 2026

The authors aimed to investigate the effects of one, two, or three vitrification-warming cycles on the viability, implantation potential, and post-transfer development of mouse embryos compared to fresh transfers. They found that repeated vitrification-warming cycles significantly impaired embryo cryosurvival, blastocyst quality, and fetal growth, with notable declines after two or more cycles. These results highlight the need for optimizing cryopreservation protocols to enhance embryo viability and outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies.

Fertility preservation trends, perspectives, and reflections in gender diverse adults across the life course

Apr 26, 2026

The study investigates the fertility preservation (FP) utilization rate among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients at the Mayo Clinic's Transgender and Intersex Specialty Care Clinic, finding a low rate of 6.62%. The research highlights significant barriers faced by TGD individuals, including financial constraints and societal discrimination, which impede access to FP services. The authors emphasize the need for improved conversations and policies regarding FP to enhance accessibility for TGD patients seeking gender-affirming care.

Large-scale analysis of FMR1 CGG repeat length and risk of premature ovarian insufficiency in over 92 000 women

Apr 19, 2026

The authors aimed to determine whether FMR1 CGG repeat length serves as a clinically meaningful predictor for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in women. They found that while the risk of POI increases with repeat lengths starting at 36, the predictive power of FMR1 repeat length is limited compared to a polygenic score for menopause timing. These findings suggest that clinical FMR1 premutation testing may have limited diagnostic value for POI and highlight the need to explore alternative mechanisms and potential genetic modifiers.

Histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of superficial peritoneal endometriotic lesions of clinical responders and non-responders to dienogest treatment

Apr 18, 2026

The authors aimed to investigate whether there are distinct histological and immunohistochemical characteristics in superficial peritoneal endometriotic lesions that could differentiate clinical responders from non-responders to dienogest treatment, potentially indicating progesterone resistance. Their findings revealed no significant differences in these characteristics between the two groups, suggesting that intrinsic progesterone resistance may not be the primary reason for treatment non-response in women with endometriosis. However, the study noted that the severity of specific symptoms like deep dyspareunia and dyschezia may be influenced by the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the lesions.

Live birth rates after natural cycle versus artificial cycle in women receiving donated oocytes and the impact of female age

Apr 12, 2026

The authors aimed to determine whether natural cycles (NC) could be effectively used in women of advanced maternal age (AMA) receiving donated oocytes, without compromising live birth rates (LBRs) and miscarriage outcomes compared to artificial cycles (AC). The study found that NC resulted in higher LBRs and lower miscarriage rates, as well as reduced obstetrical risks, suggesting that NC may be a beneficial approach for older women undergoing oocyte donation.