Prenatal Prescription Opioid Analgesic Exposure and Academic Performance in Third Grade Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study

The authors aimed to investigate the relationship between prenatal exposure to opioid analgesics and academic performance in third-grade children. Their population-based cohort study found that while exposure to codeine and oxycodone did not significantly affect standardized reading and numeracy scores, tramadol exposure was associated with lower scores, suggesting a need for further research to clarify these findings and potential confounding factors.