June 29, 2026 · International urogynecology journal · DOI: 10.1007/s00192-026-06741-1

Sacral Neuromodulation Test-Phase Success in Bladder Pain Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the conversion rates from sacral neuromodulation (SNM) test stimulation to permanent implantation in adults with refractory interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). The findings revealed a pooled conversion rate of approximately 64%, with significantly higher rates observed in staged tined-lead trials compared to percutaneous nerve evaluation. The authors emphasize the need for standardized success criteria and more targeted studies to enhance trial strategy selection.

Sagar Yadav, Aarti Sharma, Aakash Yadav, Prasoon Jha, Shubham Singh Bais, Sushant Trakroo

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