Diagnosis and management guidelines for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome around the world: A scoping review and comparative study of international approaches

The authors aimed to compare and synthesize international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) to identify trends and regional differences in recommendations. Their analysis of 28 guidelines revealed a consensus on the importance of electroencephalography, but notable disparities in treatment approaches between high-income and low- to middle-income countries, particularly regarding first-line therapies and assessment of treatment response. The study highlights the need for harmonized guidelines to address these disparities and improve care for infants with IESS.