Injuries to Multiple Ligamentous and Capsular Structures Cause Abnormal Knee Hyperextension: A Robotic Study in Human Knees

The authors aimed to investigate how injuries to multiple ligamentous and capsular structures contribute to abnormal knee hyperextension in multidirectional knee injuries. Using a robotic system to simulate various injury scenarios in cadaveric knees, they found that significant increases in knee hyperextension occur only when three specific structures—the posteromedial capsule, posterolateral capsule, and lateral collateral ligament—are disrupted, highlighting their critical role in knee stability. This research underscores the importance of these structures in diagnosing and treating knee injuries.