Orthopaedic Surgery
Audio Summaries

Association of Central Acetabular Osteophytes With Microinstability and Increased Combined Anteversion in Borderline Dysplasia Hips

This study investigates the relationship between central acetabular osteophytes (CAOs) and microinstability in hips with borderline developmental dysplasia (BDDH). The authors found that BDDH hips with CAOs exhibited higher rates of microinstability, ligamentum teres tears, and increased combined anteversion compared to those without CAOs, suggesting that CAOs may serve as a radiographic marker for instability and early osteoarthritis in this patient population.

Prevention and Treatment of Peanut Allergy

This paper investigates the effectiveness of early peanut protein introduction and immunotherapy in preventing and treating peanut allergy. The authors find that introducing peanut protein early significantly reduces allergy prevalence, with optimal prevention strategies differing for low and high-risk infants. Additionally, they highlight that immunotherapy is more effective when started in younger children, emphasizing the critical need for early intervention.

A Pragmatic Trial of a 6-Month Strategy for Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis

The authors aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 6-month treatment regimen for pulmonary rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis compared to the standard 9-month treatment in South Africa. The study found that the 6-month regimen was noninferior in achieving successful treatment outcomes and had a similar safety profile to the standard regimen. This suggests that the shorter treatment duration may be a viable alternative for managing rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis.

Stacked-Cone Constructs for Extensive Tibial and/or Femoral Bone Loss in Complex Primary and Revision TKA: A Multicenter Analysis of 84 Cases

This study investigates the 5-year outcomes of stacked metaphyseal cone constructs used to manage extensive tibial and/or femoral bone loss during complex primary or revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The authors found that while the constructs demonstrated a high survivorship rate free from aseptic loosening (91.7%), all-cause reoperations and revisions were relatively common, highlighting the challenges associated with this patient population.

Ten-Year Outcomes after CAR T-Cell Therapy for B-Cell Lymphomas

The authors aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy (tisagenlecleucel) in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas over a median follow-up of 10.1 years. They found that approximately 32% of patients with large B-cell lymphoma and 47% with follicular lymphoma achieved lymphoma-free survival, with a notable persistence of B-cell aplasia in long-term responders. The study highlights the potential for durable remissions in this patient population, despite some risks of non-relapse-related mortality and secondary cancers.

Changes in Rate and Indications for Remplissage When Performing Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability

The authors aimed to investigate trends in the utilization and indications for remplissage as an adjunct to arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) for anterior shoulder instability from 2012 to 2024. They found that the use of remplissage increased 4.5-fold over the study period, with most patients presenting with near-track or on-track lesions, indicating a shift towards broader application of the procedure beyond traditional indications. The study highlights the need for further research to assess whether these changes in practice lead to improved patient outcomes.

Self-Directed vs Clinician-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The authors aimed to compare the effectiveness of self-directed cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) with asynchronous feedback to clinician-delivered CBT-CP in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The study found that self-directed CBT-CP significantly reduced pain interference and improved secondary outcomes at 4 months, with benefits sustained at 12 months, suggesting it may be a more accessible alternative to traditional clinician-delivered therapy.

Shaping Modern Practice in South Korea: A Centennial Review of Orthopaedics at Severance Hospital and Yonsei University College of Medicine

This review aims to commemorate and analyze the historical evolution of orthopaedic practice at Severance Hospital and Yonsei University College of Medicine over the past century. It highlights key milestones, including the establishment of modern orthopaedics in Korea, the founding of the independent Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and the department's contributions to clinical excellence and academic research within the field.

Evaluating movement breaks as a public health strategy to mitigate the harms of prolonged sitting: a large-scale pragmatic intervention

This study investigates the effectiveness and feasibility of implementing brief, regular movement breaks as a public health strategy to counteract the negative effects of prolonged sitting. Conducted with over 19,000 adults, the findings indicate that movement breaks significantly improved psychosocial outcomes, such as reducing fatigue and enhancing positive affect, with hourly breaks providing the optimal balance between feasibility and effectiveness. The results support the potential of movement breaks as a viable intervention to mitigate the harms associated with sedentary behavior.

Optimising exercise prescription for cancer-related fatigue, lean mass, physical function and muscle strength in women with breast cancer: a systematic review with dose-response network meta-analysis

The authors aimed to systematically review and analyze the dose-response relationship of different exercise modalities—aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise—on cancer-related fatigue, lean mass, physical function, and muscle strength in women with breast cancer during and after treatment. They found that combined exercise was most effective for reducing fatigue and increasing lean mass, while resistance exercise was superior for enhancing physical function and muscle strength, with significant benefits observed at relatively low exercise doses. The study highlights the potential for tailored exercise prescriptions to improve outcomes in this population.