Individualised anaesthesia and analgesia in surgery: conceptual framework for improving postoperative pain

The authors explore the question of how to implement individualised anaesthesia and analgesia in surgical settings to improve postoperative pain management and patient outcomes. They argue that moving away from a one-size-fits-all approach requires comprehensive trials that consider various factors, including predictive risk, treatment options, and the alignment of patient and clinician values throughout the perioperative period. The study emphasizes the need for both clinical and ethical considerations in making personalized anaesthesia a reality.