February 25, 2026 · Prehospital emergency care · DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2026.2636148

Fighting Fire with Ice: A Multisite Collaboration to Evaluate the Impact of Prehospital Cold Water Immersion on Heat Stroke Patients

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This study evaluates the implementation and effectiveness of a prehospital cold water immersion (CWI) protocol for treating heat stroke patients by the Phoenix Fire Department. The authors aim to determine the protocol's impact on patient temperature reduction and clinical outcomes, finding that it is feasible and leads to significant improvements in temperature and neurologic status. The results suggest a potential for broader adoption of CWI in emergency medical services, though further research is needed to optimize its use.

Geoffrey Comp, Charles Finch, Kristina Kupanoff, Matthew Sandoval, Maki Lloyd, Narda Aldaco, David Kirk, Paul Pugsley, Lora Nordstrom, B Witkind Koenig, Aneesh Narang, Jerry Snow, Matthew Kamer, Alexandria Foster, Grace Patel, Jeffrey R Stowell

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