September 22, 2026 · Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · DOI: 10.1200/JCO-25-02766

Transcriptomic Plasticity and Its Spatial Architecture Shape Melanoma Response to Immunotherapy and Its Combination With BRAF/MEKi

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The authors aimed to identify the tumor biology underlying resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and its efficacy when combined with BRAF/MEK inhibitors in BRAF-mutant melanoma. They discovered two distinct ICB-resistant tumor states—differentiated and undifferentiated—with differing responses to treatment, highlighting the potential for biomarker-driven strategies to optimize therapeutic approaches for melanoma patients. Their findings suggest that certain patient subgroups may benefit more from combined therapies rather than ICB alone, addressing significant gaps in treatment efficacy.

Kalpit Shah, Dieu An H Nguyen, Max Gold, Eva Gracia Villacampa, Leire Alonso Galicia, Hejin Huang, Xian Marissa Chen, Jiaxin Sun, Yu Guo, Shreya Gaddam, Stephanie Hilz, Zhiqian Zhai, Lihua Zou, Anupriya Tripathi, Hartmut Koeppen, Jason Cheng, Matthew Wongchenko, Steven Gendreau, Marcos Abreu Machado, Emily Chan, Yang Xiao, Hsiao-Yen Ma, Ning Ding, Cloris Xue, Lieke Kusters, Mark Merchant, Paolo A Ascierto, Caroline Robert, Grant A McArthur, Tommasso Biancalani, Joakim Lundeberg, David Richmond, Yibing Yan

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