Imaging and management of biliary complications after biliary interventions

The authors aim to review the spectrum of biliary complications that can arise after endoscopic and percutaneous biliary procedures, which have a complication rate of up to 10%. They categorize these complications by timing—immediate, early, and delayed—and provide insights into their incidence, clinical presentation, imaging features, and management strategies. Additionally, the paper proposes a diagnostic algorithm to assist in the initial imaging of suspected post-procedural biliary complications.