COL1A1-Enhanced CD44/SLC7A11 Interaction and Cystine Uptake Result in CD34⁺ Foam-Like Macrophage Accumulation in Transplant Arteriosclerosis

The authors investigate the mechanisms behind the accumulation of CD34⁺ foam-like macrophages in chronic transplant arteriosclerosis, a major cause of graft failure. They identify a novel proinflammatory macrophage phenotype driven by COL1A1-enhanced cystine uptake, which activates mTORC1-HIF-1α signaling and promotes lipogenesis. The findings suggest potential therapeutic targets to modulate the immune response and improve transplant outcomes.