July 7, 2026 · The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · DOI: 10.3399/BJGP.2025.0377

Impact of local enhanced incentive schemes on the performance of general practices within the United Kingdom: a systematic review

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The authors aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of local pay-for-performance (P4P) incentive schemes in UK general practices and their alignment with the national Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF). Their systematic review of 17 studies revealed that while these schemes positively impacted process measures, the evidence regarding health outcomes was inconsistent and of mixed quality. The authors suggest that future research should focus on more robust methodologies and explore the effects on health inequalities, cost-effectiveness, and patient experiences.

Matthew Conroy, Emma McManus, William Whittaker, Peter Bower, Michael Anderson

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