June 20, 2026 · International urogynecology journal · DOI: 10.1007/s00192-026-06739-9

Etiology of Hunner Lesions: Linking Immune Dysregulation and Chronic Inflammation in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome

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The authors investigate the etiology of Hunner lesions (HL) in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) to determine if HL and non-Hunner lesions (NHIC) should be classified as distinct clinical conditions. They review current literature and find evidence of immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation contributing to HL development, suggesting an autoimmune-mediated pathology that may necessitate different management strategies for HIC compared to NHIC.

Eboni T Acoff, Kaylee Ferrara, Hannah Ruetten, Gopal Badlani, Robert J Evans, Amr El Haraki, Stephen J Walker

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