Radiology
Audio Summaries

Reliability and Validity of Imaging-derived Extranodal Extension Grading Using CT and MRI in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Sep 22, 2026

The authors aimed to evaluate the reliability and prognostic value of a proposed imaging-derived extranodal extension (iENE) grading system in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The study found that the iENE grading demonstrated excellent inter- and intrarater reliability and was associated with significant differences in overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival, indicating its potential as a valuable prognostic tool in NPC staging.

Deep Learning-derived Bone Mineral Density and Longitudinal White Matter Microstructure and Cognitive Decline: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Sep 22, 2026

The authors aimed to investigate the relationship between deep learning-derived thoracic vertebral bone mineral density (vBMD) and longitudinal changes in white matter integrity, white matter hyperintensity burden, and cognitive decline in a multi-ethnic cohort. They found that lower baseline vBMD was associated with accelerated declines in white matter fractional anisotropy and cognitive performance, particularly in individuals with diabetes, suggesting that vBMD may serve as a marker for accelerated brain aging.

How I Do It: Identifying Signs to Differentiate Uterine Sarcoma (Leiomyosarcoma) from Leiomyomas at MRI

Sep 22, 2026

The authors aim to improve the presurgical detection of uterine sarcoma, specifically leiomyosarcoma, among women undergoing surgery for presumed leiomyomas, given the higher prevalence than previously thought. They highlight the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced MRI techniques, which demonstrate high accuracy in identifying these tumors, and propose enhancements to an existing evaluation algorithm to aid radiologists and gynecologists in clinical practice.

Five-year Quantitative Chest CT and Hyperpolarized Xenon 129 Ventilation MRI Findings in Survivors of COVID-19 Pneumonia

Sep 22, 2026

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term pulmonary abnormalities in survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia five years post-infection, using various imaging and pulmonary function tests. The findings revealed that 35.6% of survivors had persistent lung lesions and 25.5% exhibited abnormal diffusing capacity, while no significant changes in respiratory symptoms or pulmonary function were observed over the five-year period. Notably, survivors of severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed greater ventilation defects compared to healthy controls, highlighting the lasting impact of the disease on lung health.

Helical 3D DSA for Whole-Head-and-Neck Vascular Imaging: Technical Development and First-in-Human Application

Sep 15, 2026

The authors aimed to develop and assess the feasibility of a helical 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) technique for comprehensive vascular imaging of the head and neck using a single contrast injection and acquisition. Their results demonstrated that this new method achieved significant longitudinal coverage and maintained high spatial resolution, effectively allowing for continuous 3D angiography from the aortic arch to the cranial vertex in human patients. This advancement could simplify procedures and reduce the need for multiple injections in vascular assessments.

Evaluating the Effect of Neighborhood-level Disadvantage on Brain Health: An Imaging Epidemiology Study

Sep 15, 2026

This study investigates the relationship between neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage, as measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and brain health in a clinical population. The authors found that residing in more disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with adverse brain morphometric outcomes, including an increased brain age gap, reduced total brain volume, and elevated white matter hyperintensity volume. These findings highlight the potential impact of neighborhood disadvantage on brain health, emphasizing its relevance for public health and clinical practice.

Opportunistic Chest CT Paraspinal Muscle Biomarkers to Predict Longitudinal Thoracic Vertebral Bone Mineral Density Loss: Results from MESA

Sep 15, 2026

The authors aimed to determine whether CT-derived metrics of paraspinal muscle, specifically attenuation and volume, can independently predict longitudinal loss of thoracic vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) in an aging population. Their findings indicate that lower muscle attenuation is a significant predictor of BMD loss and incident vertebral fractures, suggesting that paraspinal muscle characteristics could serve as valuable biomarkers in assessing bone health.

Bridging the Generalist-Subspecialist Gap with GPT-5-Thinking: Dual-Center Evaluation in Orbital and Head-and-Neck Tumor MRI Reports

Sep 15, 2026

The authors aimed to determine whether the Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT)-5-Thinking model could match subspecialist accuracy in interpreting MRI scans of orbital and head-and-neck tumors, thereby bridging the expertise gap for generalist radiologists. The study found that GPT-5-Thinking achieved diagnostic accuracy comparable to subspecialists and significantly improved the diagnostic performance of generalists when interpreting MRI reports.

MRI-guided versus OSEM Amyloid Brain PET Reconstruction for Reader Agreement, Visual Consistency, and Diagnostic Accuracy

Sep 8, 2026

The authors aimed to determine whether MRI-guided brain PET reconstruction enhances inter-reader agreement, visual consistency, diagnostic accuracy, and quantitative separation of amyloid status compared to the traditional OSEM reconstruction method. Their findings indicate that MRI-guided reconstruction significantly improved inter-reader agreement and specificity, reducing false positives while maintaining effective separation between amyloid-negative and amyloid-positive groups.

Histotripsy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Bench to Bedside

Sep 8, 2026

This review examines the development and clinical application of histotripsy, a noninvasive ultrasound ablation technique for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The authors aim to highlight histotripsy's advantages over traditional thermal ablation methods, including its ability to precisely destroy tumors while preserving surrounding structures and its potential for enhanced immune response. With FDA approval achieved in October 2023, the review discusses the promising outcomes of clinical trials and the technology's future applications in cancer treatment.