Implanted intrathecal drug delivery systems: a narrative review for the perioperative, obstetric, and intensive care anesthesiologist

This narrative review aims to address the unique challenges anesthesiologists face when managing patients with implanted intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) in perioperative, obstetric, and intensive care settings. The authors provide essential knowledge on IDDS technology, the appropriateness of neuraxial procedures, and potential complications, ultimately offering evidence-based best practices to enhance patient safety and clinical outcomes. Key topics include intrathecal pharmacology, device safety, and considerations for neuraxial anesthesia in this patient population.