August 5, 2026 · BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2026-100111

Comparative effectiveness of azithromycin versus roflumilast in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: emulated target trial

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The authors aimed to compare the effectiveness of azithromycin versus roflumilast in reducing the risk of moderate or severe exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Their study found that azithromycin was associated with a 17% reduction in the hazard of experiencing a first exacerbation compared to roflumilast. This suggests that azithromycin may be a more effective treatment option for managing exacerbations in this patient population.

Gerard T Portela, Shirley V Wang, Samy Suissa, Sebastian Schneeweiss, William B Feldman

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