June 4, 2026 · Journal of pediatric urology · DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2026.106038

Expanded classification system for urethral duplication in the female: A literature review and case report

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The authors aim to propose a new simplified classification system for isolated female urethral duplication, addressing the need for clearer delineation based on bladder neck anatomy and meatal configuration. Through a literature review of 39 articles and clinical data from 44 patients, they identify meaningful differences in clinical outcomes and surgical complexities associated with various anatomical configurations. This classification system is intended to enhance management decisions and patient counseling in this rare condition.

Caleb Q Ashbrook, Craig A Peters

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