Impact of Bystander Naloxone on Emergency Medical Transport Refusal After Opioid Overdose: A Statewide Retrospective Analysis

This study investigates how bystander administration of naloxone impacts the likelihood of patients refusing emergency medical transport after an opioid overdose. The authors found that transport refusal was significantly higher when naloxone was administered by bystanders compared to first responders, with bystander administration increasing over time. The findings suggest that while refusal may not always lead to negative outcomes, it presents missed opportunities for critical follow-up care and interventions for opioid use disorder.