May 10, 2026 · American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2026.101987

Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancy in patients with cardiac disease according to the modified World Health Organization (mWHO) classification: systematic review and meta-analysis

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The authors aimed to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant individuals with cardiac disease using the modified World Health Organization (mWHO) classification. Their systematic review and meta-analysis of 32 studies revealed that the risk of cardiac events, maternal death, and adverse neonatal outcomes significantly increased with higher mWHO classifications, highlighting the importance of this classification in clinical risk assessment and counseling for affected patients.

Sara Sorrenti, Fabrizio Zullo, Elena D'Alberti, Antonio Sasanelli, Valentina D'Ambrosio, Antonella Giancotti, Daniele Di Mascio

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