Convergent validity of physical and neurological examination of subtle signs (PANESS) gaits and stations with performance-based and self-reported balance measures

The authors aimed to investigate the convergent validity of the Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs Gaits and Stations (PANESS G/S) in relation to performance-based (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, BOT-2) and self-reported (Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, ABC) balance measures in youth, including those with a history of concussion. Their findings indicated that while PANESS G/S correlated with BOT-2 performance, it did not correlate with the ABC, suggesting that PANESS G/S and BOT-2 may assess overlapping constructs of balance, whereas self-reported measures may not reflect balance concerns in typically developing youth.