Prevalence and significance of anterior T-wave inversion in elite football players in the United Kingdom

The authors aimed to assess the prevalence and significance of anterior T-wave inversion (ATWI) in elite football players of Black and non-Black ethnicity in the UK. They found that ATWI was significantly more common in Black athletes (10.8%) compared to non-Black athletes (1.3%), but this repolarisation pattern was not associated with major cardiac pathology in either group. Notably, the only case of cardiomyopathy identified occurred in a non-Black athlete, suggesting that ATWI may not indicate underlying heart issues in Black athletes.