A Pathology-Based Model for Postoperative Recurrence or Metastasis Prediction and Adjuvant Immunotherapy Implications of Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study

The authors aimed to develop a pathology-based model to predict postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and to assess the implications for adjuvant immunotherapy. By analyzing data from 2154 patients, they identified seven independent risk factors and constructed a prognostic model that effectively stratified patients, revealing that high-risk individuals significantly benefited from immune checkpoint inhibitors. This model outperformed current clinical trial criteria for adjuvant therapy, highlighting its potential to improve patient outcomes.