Impact of empagliflozin on serum calcium and phosphate in heart failure

The authors aimed to investigate the prognostic associations of serum calcium and phosphate levels in heart failure patients and the impact of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin on these levels. They found that low serum calcium was associated with worse outcomes, but it did not significantly influence the efficacy of empagliflozin, which was shown to induce a minor increase in both serum calcium and phosphate levels over time. Overall, while low serum calcium may indicate poorer prognosis, it did not affect the treatment outcomes with empagliflozin.