June 17, 2026 · Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2025-215652

Sex-based and gender-based details in accelerated diagnostic protocol implementation among emergency department patients presenting with chest pain: a systematic review

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This systematic review investigates how sex-based and gender-based factors are incorporated in accelerated diagnostic protocols (ADPs) for adult patients presenting with chest pain in emergency departments. The authors found that while most studies reported participant sex, only a small percentage explicitly analyzed or applied sex and gender considerations, indicating a significant gap in addressing these factors in cardiac care. The review calls for enhanced integration of sex and gender in future research to improve patient outcomes.

Nana Owusu M Essel, Hafeez Nathoo, Nicholas Lesyk, Jason Ushko, Liz Dennett, Brian H Rowe

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