June 5, 2026 · International journal of sports physical therapy · DOI: 10.26603/001c.162263

Early Neuromuscular and Co-activation Patterns After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction In Males: A Case-control Exploratory Feasibility Study

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This study aimed to compare early quadriceps activation and hamstring co-activation patterns between males who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and matched healthy controls. The findings revealed that individuals post-ACLR exhibited significantly lower quadriceps activation and increased hamstring co-activation bilaterally, affecting both the operated and non-operated limbs. This suggests that early neuromuscular alterations following ACLR may hinder recovery and rehabilitation outcomes.

Roberto Ricupito, Marco Bravi, Fabio Santacaterina, Alessandro Carrozzo, Rosalba Castellucci, Giandomenico Campardo, Marco Ceserani, Federica Bressi, Rocco Papalia, Sebastiano Vasta, Florian Forelli

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