August 28, 2026 · Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2026-216454

Is intranasal adrenaline effective for the treatment of anaphylaxis?

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The authors aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intranasal epinephrine compared to intramuscular epinephrine for rapid symptom control in anaphylaxis. After reviewing 113 papers, they found that the evidence is insufficient to establish the efficacy of intranasal epinephrine, concluding that intramuscular epinephrine continues to be the standard treatment for anaphylaxis.

Tom Jaconelli, Steven Crane

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